E-field Mediated Delivery

Electric field-mediated delivery of DNA fragments onto an amine-modified silicon substrate using the tip in the MFP-3D AFM. The lateral force image is overlaid on the AFM topography. 2 µm scan. Imaged with the MFP-3D AFM. Image courtesy of K. Unal, J. Frommer, H. Kumar Wickramasinghe, IBM Almaden Research Center.